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- 自2016改革后，专八翻译只保存了汉译英。本文总结了句子翻译的一些办法技能，供年夜家进修备考。
一、确立骨干
（1）确立主语
1、避免主语机械对应
这个地区雨比较多。
It rains a lot in this area.
2、方位词或时光词在主语地位
山下住着一位老妇人。
There lives an old lady at the foot of the mountain.
3、用it做主语翻译主语是复合构造的汉语
信不信是你的事。
It is your concern whether you believe me or not.
最好是等他们回来。
It is advisable to wait till they come back.
勤能补拙
It is diligence that makes for deficiency.
2、确立谓语：英语的动词平日只能由某个动词或者系表构造担负。
在人际关系上我们不要太浪漫主义。
We shouldnt be too romantic about personal relationship.
当他活着一天，总要尽量多工作、多进修，不肯虚度年光光阴，不让时光白白地浪费掉落。
As long as he is living, he always work and study as hard as possible, unwilling to dream his life away, let alone waste even a single moment of life.
二、语序调剂
(1)定语的地位：英语中，单词充当定语时多为前置，短语和从句充当定语时多为后置。
垂纶是一项能陶冶性格的活动，有益于身心健康。
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can cultivate your mind and it is good for your mental and physical health.
(2)状语的地位
他是1970年5月20日在北京旭日区出身的。
He was born in Chaoyang District of Beijing on May 20, 1970.
(3)汉英说话叙事重心不合：汉语先叙事，后表态或评论，以凸起话题，这叫主题句。汉译英有时会译为掉落尾句，即先表态或评论，后叙事，以凸起主语。
万一有什么艰苦，给我们一个信。
Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.
(4)汉英说话强弱词语的顺序不合：英语遵守前轻后重，前简后繁的原则。
救逝世扶伤，实施革命的人道主义。
Heal the wounded, rescue the dying, practice the revolutionary humanitarianism.
一刹那，一阵被人摒弃，为世所遗忘的悲愤兜上心头，禁不住痛哭起来。
In no time, I was thrown into a feeling of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and abandoned by the rest of the world and could not help crying my heart out.
(5)否定的转移
不是所有的金属都具有同样好的导电机能。
All metals do not conduct electricity equally well.
我的同伙都不抽烟。
None of my friends smoke.
(6)习惯用法
衣食住行是老庶民关怀的年夜问题。
Food, clothing, shelter and transportation are the biggest concern of the common people.
他饥寒交煎，吃了不少苦。
He suffered a great deal from cold and h上海翻译提供新闻发布会、国际展览、专题讲座、商务活动、商务谈判、新闻传媒、外事活动、新产品发布、招待会、培训授课、电视广播、国际仲裁、国际性大型会议等的中英同传服务unger.
三、正反交换
(1)汉语正说，英语反译
那个房间老是关着的。
The windows of that room were never open.
(2)汉语反说，英语反译
汉语用 无、不、没、非 等词表示全部否定，在英语中可用no, not, none, nothing, nor, neither等词以及否定前缀、后缀等来对应翻译。
进修外语离不开好的词典。
A good dictionary is indispensable for learning a foreign language. 汉语用 决不、永不、从不 等词表示绝对否定，在英语中可用never, not at all, by no means等进行对译。
在任何情况下我们都不该该放弃欲望。
Under no circumstances should we give up our hope.
汉语用 并非总本公司是一家经国家工商局正式注册、得到政府认可提供上海口译服务的专业上海口译公司是 不是太 等表示部分否定，在英语中可用not every, not much, not always等进行对译。
汉语顶用 几乎不、很少 等表示半否定，在英语中可用barely, hardly, seldom等进行对译。
(3)汉语反说，英语正译：英语中有一类词情势上是肯定的，但意义上是否定的，在翻译汉语否定句时，可以直接应用。
生活远非净是乐事。
Life is far from being a bed of roses.
风景没得无以言表。
The scenery is too beautiful to describe.
(4)双重否定的翻译：汉译英的双重否定用 否定词+not 来处理。
所有规矩都有例外。
没有你的赞助，我是不克不及按时完成这一工作的。
But for your help, I should not have finished the work in time.
人不会不犯缺点。
It is impossible but that a man will make some mistakes.
四、语态对译
(1)汉语中的很多隐性被动构造在英译文中药转为显性。
推荐我的是一位传授。
I was recommended by a professor.
(2)汉语泛称如 有人 、 年夜家 等做主语时，英译时多应用被动构造含有 据说 等不定人称的词语时，平日比较固定的用被动构造进行英译中。
(3)汉语表示被动的句子在译为英语时，也可能转为主动句：一是表示 开端 、 停止 意义的不及物动词二是表示 移位 、 运转 意义的动词三是无灵主语的动作正在进行时。
蔬菜正在锅里做着。
The vegetables are cooking.
五、长句翻译
(1)原序对译：针对单一主语长句，关键是分清逻辑中间和层次。
我在山坡的小屋里，静静掀起窗帘，窥见园中年夜千世界，一片闹热热烈繁华。
Without being noticed, I lifted the curtain of my small room, only to spy a bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the gardon.
最为常见的是，一小我走着走着忽然停下来，眼镜盯着手机屏幕发短信，他不在乎停在马路中心照样厕所旁边。
We are very familiar with the scene when a person suddenly stopped his/her steps to edit short messages with eyes glued at the phone, not caring about his/her stopping in the road
center or beside the restroom.
中华民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表示都反应出人在天然界与万物占着一个比例恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。
Chinese people has never regarded human being as the highest creature among everything else since ancient times, whose behavior in both philosophy and arts take a rather appropriate proportion with all others in the natural 会议口译是一种为跨语言、跨文化交流服务的专门职业，处于各种口译的专业高端。种类会议口译包含交替传译和同声传译两种口译模式world, but not as an absolute dominant ruler.
(2)分句合译
它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬开端来，看一眼这美丽的傍晚。
Hardly any of them cares to look up and throws a glance at the beautiful twilight.
一小我的生命毕竟有多年夜意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗?
Could there be any standards to evaluate the meaning of ones life?
(3)断句分译
一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设席，刹那宾客云集，笑语四溢。
One spring evening, my parents held a banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. Instantly, a crowd of guests gathered together and their laughter was heard all over there.
(4)主、次信息句
活着纪之交的伟年夜时代，我们的故国正在走向繁华强大，海峡两岸国民也将加强交换，合营推动故国同一年夜业早日完成。
At the turn of century, as our motherland is becoming more prosperous and powerful, people across the Straits will strengthen their exchanges, and work together to realize the cause of the reunification of our motherland.
六、 无主句
然则，年夜体上看一小我对待生命的立场是否严肃卖力，对待他对待工作、生活的立场若何，也就不难对这小我的存在意义做出恰当的估计了。
However, if we, on the whole, can find out whether his attitude towards his life is serious or
not and what is his attitude towards his life and work, it would not be difficult to make an appropriate evaluation of the meaning of ones life.
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